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Pollen

Hard Pollen
"Practically Indestructible Materials"

Pollen represents one of nature’s most durable materials, which can be easily obtained at low cost. We explore pollen as a natural alternative to polymer synthesis and focus our research on pollen processing and utilizing pollen-based materials in various fields such as drug delivery, food technology, tissue engineering, and beyond.

Impact of adjustable swelling dynamics on the structural integrity of sunflower pollen microgels

Basu S, Ibrahim MSB, Li J, Yang J, Albar A, Ferhan AR, Zhdanov VP, Ryu DY, Cho NJ, Song J, Jeong W*

Biomaterials Advances 173 (2025) 214231

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Cover Illustration

Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Nanoarchitectonics with Natural Sunﬂower Pollen

Li J, Deng J, Zhou C, Yang J, Shin S, Binks BP, Cho NJ*

Small 2024, 2409136

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Plant-Based Shape Memory Cryogel for Hemorrhage Control

Deng J, Zhao Z, Yeo XY, Yang C, Yang J, Ferhan AR, Jin B, Oh C, Jung S*, Suresh S*, Cho NJ*

Adv. Mater. 2024, 2311684

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Multifunctional Material Building Block from Plant Pollen

Zhou C, Deng J, Hao TJ, Basu S, Yang J, Li J, Yang C, Zhao Z and Cho NJ

Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng . 2024. 15:15.1-15.24

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Directional, Silanized Plant Based Sponge for Oil Collection

Kim J, Deng J, Cho NJ*, Han SM*

Adv. Funct. Mater.2024, 2313808

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"Pollen-based 'paper' holds promise for new generation of natural components." EurekAlert!, 6 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based ‘paper’ holds promise for new generation of natural components, NTU Singapore scientists show." AlphaGalileo, 6 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based 'paper' holds promise for new generation of natural components." Tech Xplore, 6 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based paper shows promise for a new range of natural components." Scienmag, 6 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based 'paper' holds promise for new generation of natural components." Science Daily, 6 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based paper shows promise for a new range of natural components." News Medical, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based 'paper' holds promise for new generation of natural components." Flipboard, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based 'paper' holds promise for new generation of natural components." News Break, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-Based ‘Paper’ Holds Promise for New Generation of Natural Components." Mindzilla, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based paper shows promise for a new range of natural components." AZo Materials, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based ‘paper’ holds promise for new generation of natural components." Agenparl, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-Based 'Paper' Holds Promise for New Natural Components." Real Clear Science, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based 'Paper' Holds Promise for New Generation of Natural Components." Laboratory Equipment, 8 Apr 2020

"The potential of pollen paper." Cosmos Magazine, 9 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based ‘paper’ created by #NTUsg holds promise for new generation of natural components." NTUsg, 12 Apr 2020

"NTU scientists create paper-like material that reacts to humidity." CNA, 13 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based ‘paper’ holds promise for new generation of natural components, NTU Singapore scientists show." NTU, 13 Apr 2020

"Papel hecho de polen hecho en Singapur, el innovador material sustentable." La Verdad (Argentina), 6 Apr 2020

"Papel hecho de polen hecho en Singapur, el innovador material sustentable." Todo Diarios (Argentina), 7 Apr 2020

"Le «papier» à base de pollen promet une nouvelle génération de composants naturels." Newstrotteur (France), 6 Apr 2020

"플라스틱 팬데믹, '꽃가루'에서 대안 찾는다." Chosun Media (South Korea), 7 Apr 2020

"해바라기 꽃가루로 소프트 액추에이터 만들었다." Robot Newspaper (South Korea), 7 Apr 2020

"'Pollen-Papier' könnte Roboter antreiben." Pressetext (Germany), 8 Apr 2020

"基于花粉的'纸'有望成为新一代天然成分." Baijiahao Baidu (China), 7 Apr 2020

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Mayorga-Martinez CC, Fojtů M, Vyskočil J, Cho NJ, and Pumera M

"Pollen-Based Magnetic Microrobots are Mediated by Electrostatic Forces to Attract, Manipulate, and Kill Cancer Cells."

Advanced Functional Materials, 2022: 2207272.

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Hwang Y, Kim M K, Zhao Z, Kim B, Chang T, Fan TF, Ibrahim MSB, Suresh S*, Lee C H*, and Cho NJ*

(* denotes equal corresponding authors)

"Plant-Based Substrate Materials for Flexible Green Electronics."

Advanced Materials Technologies, 2022: 2200446.

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Zhao Z, Deng J, Tae H, Ibrahim MS, Suresh S*, Cho NJ*

(* denotes equal corresponding authors)

"Recyclable and Reusable Natural Plant-Based Paper for Repeated Digital Printing and Unprinting."

Advanced Materials, 2022: 2109367.

“Pollen paper that you can print on and 'unprint'.” Nanowerk, 05 April 2022

“Scientists develop a recyclable pollen-based paper for repeated printing and ‘unprinting’.’’ News 8Plus, 05 April 2022
“Scientists develop a recyclable pollen-based paper for repeated printing and ‘unprinting’.” Tech Tropical, 05 April 2022
“Scientists develop a recyclable pollen-based paper for repeat printing.” Techno Grafy, 05 April 2022

“Pollen paper that you can print on and ‘unprint’.” ApkPart, 05 April 2022

“Scientists Develop A Recyclable Pollen-Based Paper For Repeated Printing And ‘Unprinting’ — ScienceDaily.” Verve Times, 05 April 2022
“novel!Reusable "pollen paper" to protect information security.” INFNews, 08 April 2022

“NTU scientists say their eco-friendly reusable pollen-based paper could be alternative to conventional paper.” Today online, 05 April 2022

“Scientists develop a recyclable pollen-based paper for repeated printing and ‘unprinting’.” Fooshya, 05 April 2022

“Scientists develop paper from sunflower pollen that can be ‘printed’ and reused – DesignTAXI.com.” BusinessNews, 6 April 2022

“Scientists Develop A Recyclable Pollen-Based Paper For Repeated Printing And ‘Unprinting’. "The PN, 5 April 2022

“Recyclable pollen-based paper for repeated printing and ‘unprinting’.” Innovations Report, 5 April 2022

“Scientists develop a recyclable pollen-based paper for repeated printing and ‘unprinting’.” Today Headline, 6 April 2022

“3 BRILLIANT MINUTES: Paper from pollen.” Wbay, 7 April 2022

“Pollen paper that you can print on and ‘unprint’.” NTU, 5 April 2022

“Pollen-based paper can be ‘unprinted’. ” The Engineer, 8 April 2022

“NTU scientists develop pollen-based paper that can be reused several times.” CNA, 6 April 2022

“NTU scientists say their eco-friendly reusable pollen-based paper could be alternative to conventional paper.” Head Topics, 5 April 2022

“Sunflower pollen used to create chemically erasable, rewritable paper.” New Atlas, 5 April 2022

“Scientists develop a recyclable pollen-based paper for repeated printing and ‘unprinting’.” Science Daily, 5 April 2022

“Scientists develop a recyclable pollen-based paper for repeated printing and 'unprinting'.” Tech Xplore, 5 April 2022

“花粉から「再利用可能な」紙を開発シンガポールの研究者が発表.” Sputnik (Japan), 7 April 2022

“L’incredibile carta al polline di girasole che si stampa, de-stampa, ristampa.” Futuro Prossimo(Italy),7 April 2022

“南大研究团队研发可多次重复使用的花粉纸。” 8 word, 5 April 2022

“꽃가루로 만든 종이에 인쇄하고, 지우고, 재사용한다” ZDNetKorea, 6 April 2022

“봄철 불청객 꽃가루… 친환경 종이로 ‘화려한 변신’”. 매경헬스, 5 April 2022

“조남준 교수, 친환경 종이로 변신한 꽃가루… 컬러인쇄하고 지우고 8번 재사용”. 서울경제, 6 April 2022

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Shi Q, Ibrahim MSB, Zhang X, Hwang Y, Chin H, Chen S, Tan WS, Li H, Song J*, Cho NJ*

(* denotes equal corresponding authors)

"Unraveling the distinct germination processes of sporopollenin-based pollen grains and spores through morphological analyses upon natural nano-architectonics process."

Applied Materials Today, 2022, 27:101471.

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Zhao Z, Kumar J, Hwang Y, Deng J, Ibrahim MSB, Huang C, Suresh S*, Cho NJ*

(* denotes equal corresponding authors)

"Digital Printing of Shape-Morphing Natural Materials."

PNAS, 2021, 118 (43).

“Shape-Morphing Natural Materials Printed Digitally.” AZO Materials, 26 Oct 2021
"NTU Singapore scientists develop self-folding natural plant material for ‘intelligent’ green products.” EurekAlert, 18 Oct 2021
“Scientists develop self-folding paper that can be used as ‘intelligent’ green products.” Techcircle, 19 Oct 2021
“NTU Singapore scientists develop self-folding natural plant material for ‘intelligent’ green products.” Scienmag, 19 Oct 2021
“NTU Creates Paper-Like Plant Material That Fold Itself into New Shapes.” Technology Times, 20 Oct 2021

“A self-folding plant-based material that could form ‘intelligent’ green products.” NTU, 19 Oct 2021
“NTU team creates paper made of pollen that folds on its own into boxes, straws.” Sqfeed Journal, 22 Nov 2021
“The NTU Team Creates Pollen-Based Paper that Folds Itself into Boxes, Straws, Environmental News and Featured Articles.” UK Digitala, 21 Nov 2021
“New Natural Plant Material Can Self-Fold into ‘Intelligent’ Green Products.” Asia-Pacific Biotech News, 21 Nov 2021
“NTU team creates paper made of pollen that folds on its own into boxes, straws.” Asia News Day, 21 Nov 2021
“NTU team creates paper made of pollen that can be used to make boxes, straws etc.” Zureli, 21 Nov 2021
“NTU Creates Paper-Like Plant Material That Fold Itself into New Shapes.” Technologytimes, 20 Oct 2021
“NTU team creates paper made of pollen that folds on its own into boxes, straws.” Redhot, 21 Nov 2021
“NTU team creates paper made of pollen that folds on its own into boxes, straws.” The Straits Times, 22 Nov 2021
“[The Straits Times] NTU team creates paper made of pollen that folds on its own into boxes, straws.” Korean Scientists and Engineers Association in Singapore, 22 Nov 2021
“NTU 校长参与！自折叠天然植物材料研发成功。“狮城新闻, 25 Oct 2021
“NTU 校长参与！自折叠天然植物材料研发成功。“搜狐新闻, 25 Oct 2021

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Chen S, Shi Q, Jang T, Ibrahim MSB, Deng J, Ferracci G, Tan WS, Cho NJ*, Song J*

Cover Illustration

(* denotes equal corresponding authors)

"Engineering Natural Pollen Grains as Multifunctional 3D Printing Materials."

Advanced Functional Materials, 2021, 2106276.

‘’Scientists turn pollen into 3D printing ink for biomedical applications.’’ Science Dail, 25 Aug 2021

‘’3D printing powered by pollen for tissue engineering and drug delivery.’’ Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News, 25 Aug 2021

‘’Scientists make ink for 3D printing from pollen.” Advanced Science News, 26 Aug 2021

"Sunflower pollen used as 3D-printable bio-ink.” 3D Natives, 27 Aug 2021

“Pollen developed into 3D printing Ink for biomedical applications.” 3D Printing Progress, 27 Aug 2021

“NTU Singapore scientists turn pollen into 3D printing ink for biomedical applications.” Mirage News, 26 Aug 2021

“Using pollen for 3D printing.” Mirage News, 26 Aug 2021

“Sunflower pollen may find use in a better, stronger 3D-bioprinting ink.” New Atlas, 25 Aug 2021

“Pollen-based bioink heralds new potential for bioprinting drugs.” 3D Print, 30 Aug 2021

“S. Korean scientists develop 3D printing ink from sunflower pollen.” EconoTimes, 1 Sept 2021

“Singapore turns pollen into 3D printing ink for biomedical applications.” BioSpectrum, 26 Aug 2021

“Sunflower pollen may be the answer to high-quality 3D printing ink.” European Pharmaceutical Review, 26 Aug 2021

“Unique pollen-based 3d printing material shows biomedical potential.” 3D Printing Industry, 26 Aug 2021

“Korean scientists develop 3D printing ink material using sunflower pollen.” The Korea Bizwire, 31 Aug 2021

“Turning pollen into 3D printing ink for biomedical applications.” Verve Times, 25 Aug 2021

“Sunflower pollen makes viable 3D bioprinting ink.” The Engineer, 25 Aug 2021

“NTU Singapore scientists turn pollen into 3D printing ink for biomedical applications.” CIO Economic Times, 26 Aug 2021

“Pollen-based ink may improve biomedical 3d printing, enhance drug delivery platforms.” ZNews Pro, 27 Aug 2021

“Turning sunflower pollen into 3D bioprinting ink.” Engineering 360, 26 Aug 2021

“Unique pollen-based 3D printing material shows biomedical potential.” Dani3D, 30 Aug 2021

“3D printing powered by pollen for tissue engineering and drug delivery.” MashupMD, 26 Aug 2021

“Scientists turn pollen into 3D printing ink for biomedical applications." Times of India, 26 Aug 2021

“Scientists make ink for 3D printing from pollen.” Printing Objects, 26 Aug 2021

“3D printing with sunflower pollen, a new solution for the world of medicine.” GeaRXNews, 26 Aug 2021

“3D printing powered by pollen for tissue engineering and drug delivery ” 3DPrbites, 27 Aug 2021

“Pollen-based ink may improve biomedical 3D printing, enhance drug delivery platforms.” Zenger, 26 Aug 2021

“Turn pollen into 3D printing ink for biomedical applications.” 3D Printing Today, 26 Aug 2021

“Sunflower pollen could provide tougher 3D-bioprinting ink.” The Optimist Daily, 1 Sept 2021

“New 3D Printing Ink Material from Pollen.” The India News Republic, 27 Aug 2021

“Pollen-Based Ink May Improve Biomedical 3D Printing, Enhance Drug Delivery Platforms.” Opera News, 27 Aug 2021

“Sunflower pollen may be used in better, more powerful 3D bioprinting inks.” Fuentitech, 30 Aug 2021

“Turning pollen into 3D printing ink for biomedical applications.” Sciencia, 25 Aug 2021

“Turning flowers into printer ink? Yes, it’s happening now.” Castleink, 29 Aug 2021

"Sunflower pollen may find use in a higher, stronger 3D-bioprinting ink.” USA News Lab, 25 Aug 2021

“Pollen-based ink may improve biomedical 3D printing, enhance drug delivery platforms.” Spot on Florida, 26 Aug 2021

“科学家将向日葵花粉用于更好、更强的3D生物打印墨水中.” 新浪科技 (China)，26 Aug 2021

“有'香味'的 3D 打印墨水来了：科学家将花粉制造成生物印刷油墨.“ 贤集网 (China), 26 Aug 2021

“科学家将向日葵花粉用于更好、更强的3D生物打印墨水中.” cnBeta (China), 26 Aug 2021

“工程天然花粉粒作为多功能 3D 打印材料.” X-MOL (China), 25 Aug 2021

“3D打印新闻精选：日本研究人员正在研发3D打印的牛肉.” 知乎专栏 (China)，27 Aug 2021

“科學家將向日葵花粉用於更好、更強的3D生物打印墨水中.” 每日头条 (China), 26 Aug 2021

“科学家将花粉变成用于生物医学应用的3D打印墨水.” 中华环保宣传网 (China), 27 Aug 2021

“《AFM》3D列印墨水结合向日葵花粉，稳定维持生物模型结构.” 环球生技 (China), 27 Aug 2021

“科學家將向日葵花粉用於更好、更強的3D生物列印墨水中.” XOER (China), 27 Aug 2021

“'해바라기 꽃가루' 이용해 3D프린터로 의료 소재 찍어낸다.” Donga Science (South Korea), 29 Aug 2021

“한인 과학자들, 꽃가루 이용한 3D 프린터 잉크 재료 개발.” Donga Science (South Korea), 27 Aug 2021

“‘식물의 다이아몬드’ 꽃가루로 의료용 소재 찍어낸다.” Chosun Media (South Korea), 29 Aug 2021

“한인 과학자들, 꽃가루 이용한 3D 프린터 잉크 재료 개발.” Yonhap News (South Korea), 27 Aug 2021

“한인 과학자들, 꽃가루 이용한 3D 프린터 잉크 재료 개발.” MBN (South Korea), 27 Aug 2021

“한인 과학자들, 꽃가루 이용한 3D 프린터 잉크 재료 개발.” Hankyung (South Korea), 27 Aug 2021

“해바라기 꽃가루를 생체의학 도구로 쓸 방법 찾았다.” EDaily (South Korea), 27 Aug 2021

“꽃가루 이용해 친환경 3D 프린팅 잉크 개발한다.” HelloDD (South Korea), 29 Aug 2021

“한인 과학자들, 꽃가루 이용한 3D 프린터 잉크 재료 개발.” RadioKorea (South Korea), 27 Aug 2021

“한인 과학자들, 꽃가루 이용한 3D 프린터 잉크 재료 개발.” The Science Times (South Korea), 30 Aug 2021

“꽃가루 이용한 3D 프린터 잉크 재료 개발.” The Radio News (South Korea), 28 Aug 2021

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Hwang Y, Sadhu A, Shin S, Leow SW, Zhao Z, Deng J, Jackman JA, Kim M, Wong LH*, Cho NJ*

(* denotes equal corresponding authors)

"An intrinsically micro/nano-structured pollen substrate with tunable optical properties for optoelectronic applications."

Advanced Materials 2021: 2100566.

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Hwang Y*, Ibrahim MSB*, Deng J, Jackman JA**, Cho NJ**

(* denotes equal first authors, ** denotes equal corresponding authors)

"Colloid-Mediated Fabrication of a Three-Dimensional Pollen Sponge for Oil Remediation Applications."

Advanced Functional Materials 2021, 2101091.

‘‘Biodegradable plant-pollen sponges could soak up oil spills.’’ New Atlas, 7 Apr 2021

‘’Scientists develop eco-friendly pollen sponge to tackle water contaminants.’’ EurekAlert!, 7 Apr 2021

‘’Scientists develop eco-friendly pollen sponge to tackle water contaminants.’’ Scienmag, 7 Apr 2021

‘’Scientists develop eco-friendly pollen sponge to tackle water contaminants.’’ ScienceDaily, 7 Apr 2021

‘’NTU and South Korean researchers create eco-friendly pollen sponge to tackle oil spills.’’ The Straits Times, 7 Apr 2021

‘’New pollen sponge could tackle water contaminants.’’ The Engineer, 7 Apr 2021

‘’Biodegradable plant-pollen sponges could soak up oil spills.’’ USA News Lab, 7 Apr 2021

‘’Singapore and South Korea scientists develop pollen sponge that could tackle marine oil spills.’’ Applied HE, 8 Apr 2021

‘’Scientists develop eco-friendly pollen sponge to tackle water contaminants.’’ Phys.org, 7 Apr 2021

‘’NTU scientists create biodegradable & low-cost sponge made from sunflower pollen.’’ Mothership, 8 Apr 2021

‘’Tackling marine oil spills with pollen sponge.’’ NTU, 7 Apr 2021

‘’Scientists led by NTU Singapore create pollen sponge that can tackle oil spills.’’ NTUsg, 7 Apr 2021

‘’南大研究人员研发由花粉制成可循环使用海绵.’’ 8 world (Singapore), 7 Apr 2021

‘’新韩研发可生物降解海绵, 或解决海洋石油污染问题.’’8 world (Singapore), 7 Apr 2021

‘’解决海绵石油污染: 新韩研发可生物降解海绵.‘‘ Sinchew (Singapore), 7 Apr 2021

‘’采摘向日葵花粉南大研发吸污油海绵.’’ Lianhe Zaobao (Singapore), 8 Apr 2021

‘’科学家开发可生物降解的植物花粉海绵可吸收溢油.’’ cnBeta (China), 8 Apr 2021

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Park S, Chin H, Hwang Y, Fan TF, Cho NJ

"A Facile Approach to Patterning Pollen Microparticles for In Situ Imaging."

Applied Materials Today 2020; 20, 100702.

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Fan TF*, Hwang Y*, Ibrahim MS, Ferracci G, Cho NJ

Cover Illustration

(* denotes equal first authors)

"Influence of Chemical and Physical Change of Pollen Microgels on Swelling/De-swelling Behavior."

Macromolecular Rapid Communications 2020; 2000155.

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Zhao Z*, Hwang Y*, Yang Y, Fan TF, Song J**, Suresh S**, Cho NJ**

(* denotes equal first authors ** denotes equal corresponding authors)

"Actuation and Locomotion Driven by Moisture in Paper Made with Natural Pollen."

PNAS 2020; 117, 16, 8711-8718.

"Pollen-based 'paper' holds promise for new generation of natural components." EurekAlert!, 6 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based ‘paper’ holds promise for new generation of natural components, NTU Singapore scientists show." AlphaGalileo, 6 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based 'paper' holds promise for new generation of natural components." Tech Xplore, 6 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based paper shows promise for a new range of natural components." Scienmag, 6 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based 'paper' holds promise for new generation of natural components." Science Daily, 6 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based paper shows promise for a new range of natural components." News Medical, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based 'paper' holds promise for new generation of natural components." Flipboard, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based 'paper' holds promise for new generation of natural components." News Break, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-Based ‘Paper’ Holds Promise for New Generation of Natural Components." Mindzilla, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based paper shows promise for a new range of natural components." AZo Materials, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-Based 'Paper' Holds Promise for New Natural Components." Real Clear Science, 7 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based 'Paper' Holds Promise for New Generation of Natural Components." Laboratory Equipment, 8 Apr 2020

"The potential of pollen paper." Cosmos Magazine, 9 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based ‘paper’ created by #NTUsg holds promise for new generation of natural components." NTUsg, 12 Apr 2020

"NTU scientists create paper-like material that reacts to humidity." CNA, 13 Apr 2020

"Pollen-based ‘paper’ holds promise for new generation of natural components, NTU Singapore scientists show." NTU, 13 Apr 2020

"Papel hecho de polen hecho en Singapur, el innovador material sustentable." La Verdad (Argentina), 6 Apr 2020

"Papel hecho de polen hecho en Singapur, el innovador material sustentable." Todo Diarios (Argentina), 7 Apr 2020

"Le «papier» à base de pollen promet une nouvelle génération de composants naturels." Newstrotteur (France), 6 Apr 2020

"플라스틱 팬데믹, '꽃가루'에서 대안 찾는다." Chosun Media (South Korea), 7 Apr 2020

"해바라기 꽃가루로 소프트 액추에이터 만들었다." Robot Newspaper (South Korea), 7 Apr 2020

"'Pollen-Papier' könnte Roboter antreiben." Pressetext (Germany), 8 Apr 2020

"基于花粉的'纸'有望成为新一代天然成分." Baijiahao Baidu (China), 7 Apr 2020

‘’Pollen-based paper for future robotic applications.’’ Tech Explorist, 13 Apr 2020

‘‘Papel de pólen funciona como músculo artificial.’’ Inovação Tecnológica (Brazil), 8 Apr 2020

‘’有望用于制作人造肌肉和传感器等南大利用花粉颗粒制’纸’.’’ Lianhe Zaobao (Singapore), 14 Apr 2020

24

Fan TF*, Park S*, Shi Q, Zhang X, Liu Q, Song Y, Chin H, Ibrahim MS, Mokrzecka N, Yang Y, Li H**, Song J**, Suresh S**, Cho NJ**

(* denotes equal first authors ** denotes equal corresponding authors)

"Transformation of Hard Pollen into Soft Matter."

Nature Communications 2020; 11, 1449 (2020).

"NTU scientists transform hard pollen grains into soft microgel particles." CNA, 23 Mar 2020

"NTU scientists transform ultra-tough pollen into flexible material." EurekAlert!, 19 Mar 2020

"Scientists transform ultra-tough pollen into flexible material." Phys.org, 19 Mar 2020

"Scientists transform ultra-tough pollen into flexible material." Science Daily, 19 Mar 2020

"NTU scientists transform ultra-tough pollen into flexible material." NTU, 23 Mar 2020

"Scientists engineer soft, micro-gel particles from ultra-hard pollen." New Atlas, 19 Mar 2020

"Saintis NTU cipta bahan yang boleh dijadikan kertas, span." Berita Mediacorp, 23 Mar 2020

"NTU scientists transform ultra-tough pollen into flexible material." The National Tribune, 23 Mar 2020

"NTU scientists transform ultra-tough pollen into flexible material." Mirage News, 23 Mar 2020

"NTU scientists transform ultra-tough pollen into flexible material" Bioportfolio,18 Mar 2020

"NTU Scientists Transform Ultra-Tough Pollen Into Flexible Material." Scienmag, 19 Mar 2020

"NTU scientists transform ultra-tough pollen into flexible material." 7th Space, 19 Mar 2020

"Flexible pollen-based material could serve as building blocks for ecofriendly products." IEEE GlobalSpec, 20 Mar 2020

"NTU scientists transform ultra-tough pollen into flexible material." ASIATODAY, 24 Mar 2020

"[단독]'꽃가루'로 '미세플라스틱의 역습' 해결한다." Seoul Economy (South Korea), 20 Mar 2020

"[인터뷰] 꽃가루서 플라스틱 소재...'실수'가 만들었죠." Seoul Economy (South Korea), 22 Mar 2020

"‘봄의 불청객’ 알레르기 유발 꽃가루, 병주고 약준다? " East Asia Daily (South Korea), 6 Apr 2020

"백신 넣고 범인 잡고… 봄마다 병주던 꽃가루, 약도 주네. " Chosun Media (South Korea), 2 Apr 2020

"플라스틱 팬데믹, '꽃가루'에서 대안 찾는다. " Chosun Media (South Korea), 7 Apr 2020

"次世代のエコな新素材は「花粉」!?　花粉で花粉を防ぐマスクができるかも. " Nazology (Japan), 23 Mar 2020

"Cientistas transformaram pólen num material macio e flexível." ZAP. AEIOU (Portugal), 25 Mar 2020

"南大科研人员巧思“采”花粉研发环保建材微凝胶颗粒." Lianhe Zaobao (Singapore), 24 Mar 2020

"科学家将超硬花粉制成环保、有生物相容性的柔软微凝胶颗粒." cnBeta (China), 20 Mar 2020

‘’Scientists at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (NTU Singapore) discovered how to turn ultra-tough pollen, into a soft and flexible material.’’ Asia-Pacific Biotech News, 4 Apr 2020

‘’Paper and sponge made from pollen.’’ Pesquisa, 7 May 2020

‘’Tecnologia permite fabricar papel e esponja usando grãos de pólen.’’ eCycle (Brazil), 12 May 2020

‘’Polline di girasole trasformato in materiale ecocompatibile morbido e flessibile.’’ Notizie Scientifiche (Italy), 19 Mar 2020

23

Maric T, Nasir MZM, Rosli NF, Budanović M, Webster RD, Cho NJ, Pumera M

"Microrobots Derived from Variety Plant Pollen Grains for Efficient Environmental Clean Up and as an Anti-Cancer Drug Carrier."

Advanced Functional Materials 2020; 2000112.

"Microrobots made from pollen help remove toxic mercury from wastewater." New Scientist, 1 Apr 2020

"Microrobots made from pollen help remove toxic mercury from wastewater." Monkey Viral, 1 Apr 2020

"Microrobots made from pollen held remove toxic mercury from wastewater." Nanorobots Research Center, 1 Apr 2020

"Microrobots made from pollen help remove toxic mercury from wastewater." Tech Deeps, 1 Apr 2020

"Micro-robots from pollen can remove mercury from wastewater." Free News, 1 Apr 2020

"Микророботы из пыльцы помогут удалить ртуть из сточных вод." Kapital (Russia), 1 Apr 2020

"Microrobots from pollen will help to remove mercury from sewage." Seldon News (Russia), 2 Apr 2020

22

Fan TF*, Hwang Y*, Potroz MG, Tan EL, Lau KL, Tan EL, Ibrahim MS, Miyako E, Cho NJ

(* denotes equal first authors)

"Degradation of the Sporopollenin Exine Capsules (SECs) in Human Plasma."

Applied Materials Today 2020; 19, 00594.

21

Tan EL, Potroz MG, Ferracci G, Wang LL, Jackman JA, Cho NJ

"Hydrophobic to Superhydrophilic Tuning of Multifunctional Sporopollenin for Microcapsule and Bio-Composite Applications."

Applied Materials Today 2020; 18, 100525.

20

Fan TF, Potroz MG, Tan EL, Ibrahim MS, Miyako E, Cho NJ

"Species-Specific Biodegradation of Sporopollenin-Based Microcapsules."

Scientific Reports 2019; 9, 9626.

19

Fan TF , Potroz MG, Tan EL, Park JH, Miyako E, Cho NJ

"Human Blood Plasma Catalyses the Degradation of Lycopodium Plant Sporoderm Microcapsules."

Scientific Reports 2019; 9, 2944.

18

Prabhakar AK, Potroz MG, Tan EL, Jung H, Park JH, Cho NJ

"Macromolecular Microencapsulation using Pine Pollen: Loading Optimization and Controlled Release with Natural Materials."

ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces 2018; 10(34), 28428-28439.

17

Prabhakar AK, Potroz MG, Park S, Miyako E, Cho NJ

Cover Illustration

"Spatially Controlled Molecular Encapsulation in Natural Pine Pollen Microcapsules."

Particle & Particle Systems Characterization 2018; 35(9), 1800151.

16

Fan TF, Park JH, Pham QA, Tan EL, Mudargi RC, Potroz MG, Jung HR, Cho NJ

"Extraction of Cage-Like Sporopollenin Exine Capsules from Dandelion Pollen Grains."

Scientific Reports 2018; 8, 6565.

15

Tan EL, Potroz MG, Ferracci G, Jackman JA, Jung HR, Wang L, Cho NJ

Cover Illustration

"Light‐Induced Surface Modification of Natural Plant Microparticles: Toward Colloidal Science and Cellular Adhesion Applications."

Advanced Functional Materials 2018: 28(18), 1707568.

14

Corliss MK, Bok CK, Mundargi RC, Gillissen JJ, Potroz MG, Jung HR, Tan EL, Cho NJ

"Preserving the Inflated Structure of Lyophilized Sporopollenin Exine Capsules with Polyethylene Glycol Osmolyte."

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2018; 61, 255-264.

13

Wang H, Potroz MG, Jackman JA, Kherzi B, Cho NJ, Pumera M

Cover Illustration

"Bioinspired Spiky Micromotors Based on Sporopollenin Exine Capsule."

Advanced Functional Materials 2017; 27(32), 1702338.

12

Prabhakar AK, Ying H, Potroz MG, Corliss MK, Park JH, Mundargi RC, Cho DH, Bang SI*, Cho NJ*

(* denotes equal corresponding authors)

"Chemical Processing Strategies to Obtain Sporopollenin Exine Capsules from Multi-Compartmental Pine Pollen."

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2017; 53, 375-85.

11

Potroz MG, Mundargi RC, Gillissen JJ, Tan EL, Meker S, Park JH, Jung HR, Park S, Cho DH, Bang SI*, Cho NJ*

Cover Illustration

(* denotes equal corresponding authors)

"Plant-Based Hollow Microcapsules for Oral Delivery Applications: Towards Optimized Loading and Controlled Release."

Advanced Functional Materials 2017; 27(31), 1700270.

10

Wang L, Jackman JA, Tan EL, Park JH, Potroz MG, Hwang ET, Cho NJ

"High-Performance, Flexible Electronic Skin Sensor Incorporating Natural Microcapsule Actuators."

Nano Energy 2017: 36, 38-45.

09

Potroz MG, Mundargi RC, Park JH, Tan EL, Cho NJ

"Extraction of Plant-Based Capsules for Microencapsulation Applications."

Journal of Visualized Experiments 2016; 117, e54768.

08

Park JH, Seo JE, Jackman JA, Cho NJ

"Inflated Sporopollenin Exine Capsules Obtained from Thin-Walled Pollen."

Scientific Reports 2016; 6, 28017.

07

Seo JE*, Wang L*, Ng WB, Cho NJ

(* denotes equal first authors)

"Preparation of Highly Monodisperse Electroactive Pollen Biocomposites."

Chemistry of Nanomaterials for Energy, Biology and More 2016; 2(5), 414-418.

06

Mundargi RC, Potroz MG, Park JH, Seo JE, Lee JH, Cho NJ

"Extraction of Sporopollenin Exine Capsules from Sunflower Pollen Grains."

RSC Advances 2016; 6(20), 16533-16539.

05

Mundargi RC, Potroz MG, Park S, Park JH, Shirahama H, Lee JH, Seo JE, Cho NJ

Cover Illustration

"Lycopodium Spores: A Naturally Manufactured, Superrobust Biomaterial for Drug Delivery."

Advanced Functional Materials 2016; 26(4), 487-497.

04

Mundargi RC, Tan EL, Seo JE, Cho NJ

"Encapsulation and Controlled Release Formulations of 5-Fluorouracil from Natural Lycopodium Clavatum Spores."

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 2016; 36, 102-108.

03

Mundargi RC, Potroz, MG, Park JH, Seo JE, Tan EL, Lee JH, Cho NJ

"Eco-Friendly Streamlined Process for Sporopollenin Exine Capsule Extraction."

Scientific Reports 2016; 6, 19960.

02

Wang L, Ng WB, Jackman JA, Cho NJ

Cover Illustration

"Graphene-Functionalized Natural Microcapsules: Modular Building Blocks for Ultrahigh Sensitivity Bioelectronic Platforms."

Advanced Functional Materials 2016; 26(13), 2097-2103.

01

Mundargi RC, Potroz MG, Park S, Shirahama H, Lee JH, Seo JE, Cho NJ

"Natural Sunflower Pollen as a Drug Delivery Vehicle."

Small 2016; 12(9), 1167-1173.

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