Hard Pollen
"Practically Indestructible Materials"
Pollen represents one of nature’s most durable materials, which can be easily obtained at low cost. We explore pollen as a natural alternative to polymer synthesis and focus our research on pollen processing and utilizing pollen-based materials in various fields such as drug delivery, food technology, tissue engineering, and beyond.

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Cover Illustration
Microcarriers: A Transformative Platform for Advanced Drug Delivery
Zhou C, Kim H, Mo JH, Wong JZ, Guo Z, Ni R, Kim P, Ibrahim MSB, Abdullah MFB, Kwon SM, Zhang X, Cho NJ
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A pollen-enhanced bionic mechanoreceptor induced by asymmetric ionic convection in hydrogel for sensory-augmented prostheses
Guo ZH, Deng J, Xu YZ, Zhou CC, Shao YS, Pu X, Kim M, and Cho NJ
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Micro/Nanoarchitectonics of Ethanol-Unfolded Keratin for Dual-Function Biodegradable Nonwovens
Ni R, Deng Q, Zhang J, Ke Q, Zhou C*, Cho NJ*, Zhao Y*
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Reprogrammable Dual-Regulated Pollen Actuators for Geometric Encoding
Deng J, Zhao Z,* Ahmad A, Li Jian, Choe YH, Lin YC, Ibrahim MSB, Zhou C, and Cho NJ*
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Nature's Guard: UV Filter from Pollen
Yang C, Ferhan AR, Yang H, Chung N, Ibrahim MSB, Choe YH, Deng J, Lee JR, Cho NJ*
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Plant Pollen-Derived Radiative Cooling: Eco-Synthetic Designs with Integrated Air-Gaps
Kim YJ, Deng J, Kim M, Cho NJ
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Allergen to Asset: Pollen-Based Drug Delivery Systems
Ibrahim MSB, Ferhan AR, Zhou C, Li J, Lin Y-C, Deng J, Zhao Z, Cho NJ*
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Impact of adjustable swelling dynamics on the structural integrity of sunflower pollen microgels
Basu S, Ibrahim MSB, Li J, Yang J, Albar A, Ferhan AR, Zhdanov VP, Ryu DY, Cho NJ, Song J, Jeong W*
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Biomimetic Superhydrophobic Surfaces by Nanoarchitectonics with Natural Sunflower Pollen
Li J, Deng J, Zhou C, Yang J, Shin S, Binks BP, Cho NJ*
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Plant-Based Shape Memory Cryogel for Hemorrhage Control
Deng J, Zhao Z, Yeo XY, Yang C, Yang J, Ferhan AR, Jin B, Oh C, Jung S*, Suresh S*, Cho NJ*
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Multifunctional Material Building Block from Plant Pollen
Zhou C, Deng J, Hao TJ, Basu S, Yang J, Li J, Yang C, Zhao Z and Cho NJ
Annu. Rev. Chem. Biomol. Eng . 2024. 15:15.1-15.24
Media Article: Using pollen to make paper, sponges and more
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Directional, Silanized Plant Based Sponge for Oil Collection
Kim J, Deng J, Cho NJ*, Han SM*


